基于船舶舾装专业未来工作任务大学英语课程改革的探索

本文通过对高职英语教学现状的分析,在舾装专业教学改革的基础上,提出高职英语教学要围绕学生未来工作岗位设置教学内容,“以学生为中心”开展课堂教学,并且加大学习过程的考核,激发学生学习英语的积极性与主动性,使学生在仿真工作环境中提高英语应用能力     

Public transit and labor market outcomes: Analysis of the connections in the French agglomeration of Bordeaux

This paper investigates the links between public transport and labor market outcomes in the French agglomeration of Bordeaux. Our objective is to analyze the effects and consequences of the construction of a tramway line in some neighborhoods and municipalities of the agglomeration. These localizations are confronted to isolation and concentration of unfavorable socio-economic characteristics. Among other things, this line has permitted to facilitate the access to the historical job center of Bordeaux for inhabitants concerned. We use difference-in-differences methods to compare labor market outcomes of inhabitants who benefit from this better access with others who do not, before and after the construction. Results show that if unemployment rate has globally decreased on the period observed, the decrease is more important for neighborhoods located close to tramway stations. More generally, it seems that the tramway project helped to reduce some socio-economic inequalities in the agglomeration of Bordeaux.     

湛茂阳城市带县域综合交通可达性研究

在借鉴已有研究成果的基础上,以湛茂阳城市带18个县域单位为研究对象,通过利用综合交通可达性指数及交通区位优势度、县域内交通连通度和对外通达性三个分指数,全面分析湛江国际机场搬迁前后湛茂阳城市带各县级行政区的交通可达性空间格局特征。结果表明:湛江国际机场搬迁后,湛茂阳城市带综合交通可达性得到明显提升,较高可达性市县区由7个增加至10个;表现出更强的空间集聚性和空间自相关,并且形成以湛江各区、茂南区和江城区为中心,沿海连续形成可达性高值带状片区。对湛茂阳城市带县域尺度综合交通可达性进行研究能够为区域协调均衡发展提供更好的理论和实践指导。     

腹地-口岸可达性格局演化及其空间溢出效应分析

为探索一带一路影响下腹地-口岸可达性演化特征及其空间溢出效应，构建腹地-口岸可达性测算模型，运用泰尔指数和空间马尔科夫链分析其空间差异特征及溢出效应。结果表明：腹地-口岸可达性高值区沿主要运输通道延伸并呈以经济实力较强的城市和城市群为中心的群状集聚现象。腹地-口岸可达性逐年优化，高值区向一带一路沿线扩散趋势明显；腹地-口岸可达性空间差异呈现以2013年为界先减少后增加的V型变化特征，东部和西部可达性空间非均衡程度大于中部和东北部；高可达性城市具有显著的正向空间溢出效应，低可达性城市与高可达性城市相邻时其类型向上转移的概率大于与中、低可达性城市相邻概率，且一带一路之后，类型向上转 移概率高于一带一路之前；腹地-口岸可达性形成以最短旅行时间为主导、路网密度为支撑的时空演化格局。     

基于路径规划数据的公共交通站点覆盖水平评价方法

为科学合理地评价城市公共交通站点覆盖水平，提高评价方法的准确性和有效性，在分析我国城市公共交通站点覆盖现状和存在问题的基础上，结合基于互联网开放地图平台的路径规划数据，采用以步行实际可达性为主要依据的评价方法对公共交通站点覆盖水平进行研究分析。结果表明：此方法不但适用于区域公交站点布局评价，还可以聚焦于某一条具体的公交线路、自行车停靠点、P+R（Park and Ride）设施、交通枢纽等交通设施，以及快递服务点、公共厕所等生活服务设施的可达性分析和布局优化。最后，从向内深挖自身潜力、向外争取良好环境两个层面，提出了提升我国城市公共交通覆盖水平的措施建议。     

Restricted car-use and perceived accessibility

In order to plan for, and achieve, a sustainable and accessible transport system, research and policies alike recognize a need to implement and enhance alternative transport options in favor of the private car. Moreover, these sustainable alternatives need to offer sufficient levels of accessibility regardless of where people live or work. We present and discuss an approach for capturing and evaluating perceived accessibility, with the ability to differentiate between individuals. Levels of perceived accessibility are compared before and after a fictive car use restriction, and between residential areas, using data from 2711 residents of Malmö, Sweden. A main conclusion is that levels of perceived accessibility become significantly lower for car users when they are limited in their options for daily travel. The difference is more substantive for frequent car users, who already travel less by sustainable modes today. There are also significant differences in levels of perceived accessibility in the restricted scenario, depending on where individuals live. These novel findings may not come as a surprise, but they emphasize the importance of including and analyzing perceptions of car users when designing accessible and sustainable transport systems. The paper ends with a discussion on how to facilitate the transition from current transport systems to an inclusive and accessible system.     

高铁对城市经济空间结构影响的研究综述

高铁是区域快速综合交通网的主骨架，作为城市间高效快捷的出行方式，为提升通道客运能力和缓解既有铁路货运压力起到重要作用。本文从高铁对城市可达性、要素市场及空间结构的影响等3方面，综述了国内外高铁对城市经济空间结构影响研究的主要成果，归纳总结了共性结论和存在的分歧。通过分析高铁对城市可达性变化的程度和可达性变化在不同区域之间是否平衡，揭示高铁(网络)对城市间出行需求的直接影响。城市可达性的改善进一步重塑生产要素的区域空间分布，加速资本和人口流动，促进产业发展和就业改善，并对土地和住房市场产生深远影响。市场各种要素的相互作用给城市宏观经济发展，特别是高铁站区空间重构带来重大机遇。系统评估高铁对城市经济空间结构的影响，能够为管理部门高铁投资决策、规划建设及影响评估等提供参考。最后，结合理论研究与实践经验，并基于新时代背景展望了有待开展的若干重点研究方向：一是将城市群视作新的利益集合体，研究高铁投资的经济效益、收益分配和高铁开通后对城市群经济发展和要素空间分布的影响；二是探究高铁通勤行为对城市资本、人口和土地等要素市场的影响，剖析车站选址和票价变化等影响高铁通勤的关键性因素；三是考虑城市间高铁竞争与合作博弈行为和客货混跑模式对城市经济空间结构影响的新变化；四是运用大数据和机器学习等新兴技术分析高铁对城市经济微观层面的影响。     

基于可达性指标的航空货运网络布局优化研究

以网络可达性和利用率最大为目标,建立货机班次分配与货物运输路径选择的多目标双层优化模型,针对我国基于审批方式为各航线分配航班的实际情况,通过调整货机班次优化航空货运网络布局.以20个机场组成的航空货运网络为例,设计NSGAII算法求解模型.结果表明:北京、上海、广州、深圳之间的航段将获得1/4的货机班次,他们是航空货运的枢纽机场;当决策者偏好网络可达性时,更多货机班次将被分配到大型机场间的航段上,当决策者偏好网络利用率时,货机班次在航段上的分配较均匀;随着货机班次在航段上由集中趋向分散,网络可达性降低而利用率提高;减少货机班次会降低网络可达性,增加货机班次会降低网络的利用率.     

Measuring the expected locational accessibility of urban transit network for commuting trips

This paper focuses on measuring of the expected locational accessibility (ELA) of urban transit networks for commuters. The ELA of the transit network is measured by a factor named expected locational accessibility index (ELAI), which is calculated based on the expected number of reachable stations with different times of transfers (ENRST) starting from any one transit station on the network. Two approaches, the sample-test-statistics method and the topological analysis method for determining the ENRST are proposed and tested with an example transit network. Finally, the proposed methods are applied to an empirical study for evaluating the ELA performance of bus transit network for commuters of Xiamen City, China. The empirical results show that the ELAI obtained by our two methods are relatively smaller than those obtained by the existing methods. The reason is analyzed to guarantee the accuracy of ELAI measurement.     

Socioeconomic factors affecting the job satisfaction levels of self-employed container truck drivers: a case study from Shanghai Port

The job satisfaction level (JSL) of self-employed container truck drivers (SCTDs) is vital to the container trucking industry’s (CTI) stability in China. An anonymous field survey of 645 SCTDs was conducted at Shanghai Port. Three ordered probit models were, respectively, developed to analyze the drivers’ JSLs, their attitudes, and reactions to a CTI downturn. This study contributes to the literature that the demographic variables were not statistically significant for the SCTDs’ current JSLs, while higher income SCTDs with fewer expenses were expected to have higher JSLs. During an industry downturn, drivers with families in Shanghai showed more job dissatisfaction. More working hours, lower income, expensive diesel fuel, a high consumer price index (CPI), and a low freight-to-distance ratio (FDR) significantly lowered the JSLs. An increase in the price of diesel fuel and the CPI, and a lower FDR exposed the industry to risk and instability. Additionally, credible evidence indicated that as the dissatisfaction levels of SCTDs rise in a downturn, SCTDs implement more practical measures that may negatively affect the industry’s stability as well as society’s. Based on these findings, managerial or policy implications were proposed to efficiently improve SCTDs’ JSLs and CTI stability in Shanghai.